Improvement in stoves



' F. HOYOS.

Stove.

Patented April- 26,1864.

N. PETERS, Plwlo-Lhhognphe PATENT .FFICE.

FELIX HOYOS, OF PARIS, FRANCE.

IMPROVEMENT IN STOVES.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 42,487, dated April 26, 1864.

To qtZZ whom) it' WtaZ/ concern:

Be it known that I, FELIX HoYos, of Paris, in the French Empire, have invented an Improved Stove or Fire-Grate for Heating, Cook ing, Boiling, or other Similar Purposes; and I hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference 'beinghad to the drawings hereunto annexed.

This invention consists of a novel mode of constructing stoves or fire-grates by which the air is caused to descend and pass through the fire therein, and then upward and escape through the center of the stove, thus ef fectually consuming the smoke and rendering the stove available for various useful purposes. The stove is made in the form of a hollow truncated cone fitted with a plate pierced with projecting taper-holes. This plate is also formed with a taper-tube at its center to receive a pipe.

My invention will be best understood by reference to the accompanying drawings.

A, Figure 1, is a cylindro-conical chamber or fire-place, which may be opened or closed at bottom at will. B is agratingat the bottom of thefire-place A. This grating may be replaced by a plate, 0, pierced with holes, which should by preference be made to form slightly conical apertures. There is an opening in the middle of the grating or plate furnished with a pipe, F, on which another pipe, D, which may be removed and replaced at will, is fitted. The stove just described may be varied in form and dimensions, provided the general construction thereof is re'ained. Fig. 2 shows in vertical section, and Fig. 3 in plan, a modification which may be adopted, when it is desired, with a larger fire place, notto increase the expenditure of fuel in proportion. I surround the tube F with a block, E, either solid or hollow, which diminishes the capacity of the fire-place A by occupying a space around the tube. When the block E is hollow, it may be beneficially utilized for many purposes.

When the fire is to be lighted, I close the lower part of the fire-place by fitting a bottom thereto, or by placing it on a surface covered with sand, into which the bottom eoges penetrate sufficiently to prevent the external air passing under the grating B. I supply fuel to the fire-place A, which rests upon the grating or plate B. A plate is always preferable to agrating, because from the sides of the holes being made to slightly project the pieces of fuel are sufficiently separated to al low free passage for the air, and the combustion is thus facilitated. I cover the fuel in" analogous the fire-place A with shavings or substances and set light thereto.

The following action then takes place: The

external air rushes onto the surface and through the fuel, through and under the grating B, and enters the tube F, by which it escapes in the tube D, taking with it the smoke caused by the lighting of the fire, which is all the smoke the fire-place produces. The chief feature of my fire-place is, therefore, the drawing from top to bottom. The next important feature, which is the result of the first, is the complete consumption of the smoke after the fire is once lighted. When fresh fuel is added to the incandescent fuel, the smoke produced is drawn down through the incandescent mass and is burned, as well as all the gaseous products, before arriving at the lower extremity of the escape-tube. Thus no smoke or smell escapes from the stove.

The stove may be placed in any chamber desired to be heated for domestic, scientific, or industrial purposes. The tube D may be directed downward, if desired. The appara tus may be converted into a hot-air stove by simply placing it on a plate supported by bricks.

I now proceed to describe, by way of example, the manner in which my stove may be applied for baking. I take a bed or support, I, Figs. 4., 5, 7, and 8, of sheet-iron lined with fire-clay, or of brick, cast-iron, refractory earth, or other suitable material, and with two concentric grooves on the upper part thereof. I place on this bed I the lire-place A, Fig. 1, before or after lighting, which fits into the inner groove, as seen in Fig. 5. I then place over the fireplace a cover or cap, J, Figs. 6,

'7, and 8, which fits into the outer groove of the bed, and I thus obtain the combination shown in elevation in Fig. 7 and in vertical section in Fig. 8, which latter figure shows the internal construction of the cover J and of the whole apparatus. It will be observed that this cover has aconical aperture for the passage of the tube. The diameter of the tube must be less than that of the aperture to allow free passage to-the air to the fire. The interior of the cover is of nearly the same configuration as the fire-place, except at its [upper part, which is slightly arched. lhe cover is furnished at bottom with a rib, a,

which enters one of the grooves i of the bed I, as shown. In about forty or fortyfive minutes the cover is sufficiently heated. I take it off and remove the fireplace, which, from its lightness,is very transportable. It may be readily moved by inserting the prongs of the fork f, Fig. 9, into holes I I, Fig. 5, formed in the side of the fire-place. I then put the bread to be baked upon the bed I, place the cover J over it, and close the aperture (1 in the upper part thereof by a stopper, 1), Fig. 10. In about forty or forty-five minutes the bread is baked. It is advisable to take out the stopper occasionally during the baking to allow the excess of vapor disengaged by the paste to escape. If the fire has been kept alight in the stove, it may be replaced and the temperature of the cover may be raised again, and a fresh baking commenced. I can thus, by reheating the cover, bake a loaf every hour at very small cost. Several ovens may be arranged on the same plate or bed with or Without communication with each other.

My invention may be advantageously and economically applied to the boilers of locomotive, stationary, and other engines. One or several fire-places may be employed, according to the size of the engine.

And, having now described the nature of my said invention and the manner in which F. HOYOS.

Witnesses:

ESDERMAN GOULD,

G. J AUMUE. 

